Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen (or any halogen). It involves the simultaneous change of chemical composition and physical phase, and is irreversible. The word is coined from the Greek-derived elements pyro "fire" and lysis "separating". Technology of high-speed pyrolysis in installations with solid heat carrier UTT based on Galoter method can be used for processing oil shales and municipal solid wastes in Egypt.
Essence of the method is that the raw organic material (oil shale or municipal solid wastes) is decomposed in continuous process when mixed with the own hot ash produced from combustion of own semi-coke remaining after pyrolysis. Temperature of pyrolysis is 450-520 oC, and the remaining semi-coke is combusted in air-fountain furnace with temperature 750-800 oC, so, no dioxins are formed in the process, and sulfur oxides are bind into gypsum. The products of process are: synthetic oil, gas, electricity, asphalt mixtures, construction materials, and desalinated water. Annual capacity of one installation UTT-500 is 150,000 ton per year and the capacity of UTT-3000 installation is 1,000,000 ton per year.