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مشكلات المياه المنزلية لدى المرأة الريفية بريف محافظة الغربية
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ا.د مختار محمد عبد اللا ، د/ نفين محمد جلال ابراهيم
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كلية الزراعة - جامعة طنطا
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nevenglal@yahoo.com
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تعد المياه العذبة من الموارد الضرورية لحياة الانسان بل لحياة الكائنات الحية جميعها ، وقد وهبها الله سبحانه وتعالى للإنسان من مصادر عده ، ونظرا لسوء استخدام الانسان لهذا المورد الهام فانه قد عانى من نقص فى هذا المورد من زمن طويل،و قد حظيت المرأة الريفية بالعديد من الدراسات والابحاث التى توضح وتدرس سلوك المرأة نحو الحفاظ على المياه سواء من التلوث او الاهدار ، الا ان الدراسات التى تناولت مدى معاناه المرأة من مشكلات الماء المنزلى تكاد تكون قليله جدا فليس هناك دراسات كافية توضح مشكلات الماء المنزلى التى تعانى منها المراة الريفية ، لذلك كانت هذه نقطة البداية لهذا البحث وهو دراسة مشكلات الماء المنزلى لدى المرأة الريفية .
اوضحت نتائج الدراسة ان
- أكثر المشكلات التي يعانين منها المبحوثات هى مشكلة انعدام نظافة المياه ،و نقص المياه ، وانقطاع المياه ، وان اقل المشكلات معاناة منها هي مشكلة انكسار مواسير المياه .
2- أكثر المصادر شيوعا بين الريفيات هي الحنفية المنزلية ، إلا أن بعضهن يستخدم مياه الحنفية العامة آو الطلمبة أو محطة المياه فى الشرب والطهي .
3- نتائج اختبار (ت)
- هناك فروق بين المبحوثات عند تصنيفهن على أساس كلا من التعليم ، والعمل ، ونوع الاسرة بالنسبة للمعاناه من المشكلات .، بينما هناك تباين بين المبحوثات لباقى ابعاد المشكلات .
4- نتائج اختبار ف
- هناك فروق معنوية بين المبحوثات عند تصنيفهن على اساس مصادر الحصول على كل من مياه الشرب ، الطهى ، والغسيل ، وغسيل المواعين ، والاستحمام ، والنظافة بالنسبة لكل من وجود المشكلات ، وتكرار المشكلات ، وانتشار المشكلات ، والمعاناة من المشكلات .
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الادارة المتكاملة للمياه من منظور بيئي
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الأستاذ الدكتورة / نبيله شاهين حسن
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استاذ بيئة وفسيولوجيا النبات – كلية الزراعة –جامعة طنطا
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medo_y4k20005@yahoo.com
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ن المقياس الحقيقي لإدارة الموارد لا يتمثل في وفرة الموارد المتاحة بقدر ما يتمثل في تحقيق افضل استخدام لهذه الموارد ، والماء هو اغلي هذه الموارد وإذا عرفنا ان سياسات اسرائيل للتوطين تتركز بدرجة كبيرة علي تأمين كميات كافية من المياه للمهاجرين لتأكدنا ان الامن الغذائي والامن القومي والامن العسكري يرتبط بهذه النقطة من المياه ، ومن هنا كان الحفاظ علي الماء دون تلوث واجب وطني علي الجميع حفاظاً علي الصحة العامة للشعب وعلي الثروه النباتية والحيوانية والسمكية وتنوعهم البيولوجي ، ناهيك عن انه في مصر يوجد عجز في الموارد المائية المتاحة للإستخدامات المختلفة عن الاحتياجات الفعلية – وان التخطيط السليم للتنمية يرتبط ارتباطاً وثيقاً بمعرفة شاملة ودقيقة لحجم المياه المتوافرة وجودتها واقتصاديات استخدامها والبدائل المتاحة اليوم وغداً لزيادة تلك الموارد المائية ، أي تشمل الادارة البيئية المتكاملة للمياه : ( 1 ) وضع خطة استراتيجية للموارد المائية ومصادرها المختلفة والتقنيات الحديثة في نظم الري ( 2 ) طرق ترشيد الاستهلاك المائي ( 3 ) طرق تطوير الترع والقنوات والمصارف ( 4 ) طرق إعادة استخدام المياه وتدويرها (5 ) مواجهة الدولة لحماية البيئة المائية من مختلف مصادرها من جميع انواع الملوثات البيئية ( 6 ) الإيضاح الجماهيري لأخطار تلوث البيئة المائية علي الصحة العامة ومعدلات التنمية الإقتصادية ولإجتماعية ( 7 ) تفعيل القوانين والتشريعات والقرارات التي تحكم حماية المجاري المائية من التلوث والمسئولية القانونية وحق التعويض عن الضرر البيئي للمياه
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EFFECT OF SPRINKLERS AND SURGE IRRIGATION ON APPLIED WATER AND CROP YIELD
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Hashad1. A, Adel ELMETWALLI2 and Tarek FOUDA2
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1General administration of Agriculture, Tanta Ministry of Agriculture, 2Agric. Eng. Dep., Faculty of Agric., Tanta Univ.,
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tfouda@yahoo.com
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The experimental work was carried out at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, Gharbia Governorate, during 2009/2010 in winter growing season. The area of the experiment was about 3 feddans and situated at 31° 07´ longitude and 30° 43´ latitude..The experiments of this work were carried out to study the effect of two sprinklers layouts (square and triangular), two irrigation levels (100% from ETc and 50% from ETc) and two surge irrigation (20 min on+40 min off, 40 min on+20 min off) with continuous irrigation on the amount of applied water, energy consumption, the efficiency indicators, soil moisture content distribution, plant height, the number of spikes per square meter, 1000-kernel weight, biomass, grain yield, straw yield, water use efficiency, energy use efficiency and soil salinity under sprinkler irrigation system in Delta region. The results showed that the amounts of applied water were 2133, 1765 and 1289 m3 fed-1 for surface irrigation and sprinkler irrigation levels (100% ETc and 50% ETc), respectively. The values of energy consumption were 173, 140 and 116 kW h fed-1 for sprinkler irrigation level 100% ETc, surface irrigation and sprinkler irrigation level 50% ETc, respectively
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Effect of organic fertilization and bio-control on earliness attributes in cotton
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El-Seidy, E. H.1; Namich, Alia A. M.2; Abd El-Razek, U.A.1 and M. W. El-Shazly2
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1-Agronomy Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University. 2-Physiology Res. Section, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza.
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usama20012001@gmail.com
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Two field experiments were carried out at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, El-Gharbia Governorate during two successive seasons of 2012 and 2013. These experiments were conducted to study the probability of using clean agriculture to produce organic cotton and avoid environmental pollution. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was used in both seasons, where the following twelve patterns were evaluated with regard to earliness attributes of the Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.), cultivar Giza 86.
The first fruiting node was initiated on significantly lower node in case of Patterns 8, 6, 4 and 2 in both seasons. While, Pattern 9 significantly increased the first fruiting position in nodes in both seasons. Significant differences among the tested Patterns with regard to days from sowing to first flower and open boll in both seasons, where Pattern 8 plants were the earliest, followed by Pattern 6 and the latest one was Pattern 9. While, the differences among the tested Patterns with regard to no. of total flowers/ plant did not reach the level of significance in both seasons. Patterns 6 and 8 significantly increased the number of total bolls set / plant, boll setting percentage and 1st picking percentage, while the lowest values were obtained from Pattern 9 in both seasons. Patterns 8 and 6 significantly decreased the first fruiting node, days to first flower and first open boll and significantly increased the number of total bolls set / plant in both seasons as compared with the other Patterns.
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Effect of organic fertilization and bio-control on yield and yield components, gross return, total cost and net return
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El-Seidy, E. H.1; Namich, Alia A. M.2; Abd El-Razek, U.A.1 and M. W. El-Shazly2
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1-Agronomy Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University. 2-Physiology Res. Section, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza.
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usama20012001@gmail.com
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These experiments were conducted to study the probability of using clean agriculture to produce organic cotton and avoid environmental pollution. A randomized complete block design with 4 replicates was used in both seasons, where the following twelve patterns were evaluated with regard to yield and yield components, gross return, total cost and net return of the Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.), cultivar Giza 86:- Patterns 1, 2, 3 and 4 included two rates of mineral NPK fertilizers (45 kg N : 22.5kg P2O5 : 24 kg K2O/fed (the recommended rate) and 60 kg N : 30 kg P2O5 : 36 kg K2O/fed) in combination with chemical or bio- control, respectively. Patterns 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 included two rates of organic NPK fertilizers (45 kg N: 22.5 kg P2O5: 24 kg K2O and 60 kg N: 30 kg P2O5: 36 kg K2O/fed) in the form of pigeon refuse as source of N in Patterns 5, 6, 7 and 8 and in the form of phytocompost in Patterns 9, 10, 11 and 12 + in the form of phosphate ore (20% P2O5) + Phosphorein as source of P + in the form of potassium ore (8.2% K2O) as source of K in Patterns 5, 6, 9 and 10, in combination with bio- control. In patterns 7, 8, 11 and 12, the source of P was mixed minerals ore + Phosphorein and the source of K was mixed minerals ore and potassium ore in combination with bio- control.
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Effect of compost application at different soil depths on cucumber parameters and some chemical properties of soil
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Nasser Abd El-Kader, Talaat El- Beshbeshey and Shimaa SAAD
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Soil and Water department Faculty of Agriculture- Tanta University
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nasserkamal@yahoo.com
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A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Itey El-Barroud Agriculture Research Station, El-Behera Governorate during two successive seasons of 2010 and 2011 to study the effect of soil placement of both types of compost (Sakha and gemmiza) at rate 4 ton fed-1 at different depth (15, 20 and 30 cm) on cucumber growth, yield, N, P and K contents in shoot and fruits, and availability of N, P and K in soil. Treatments were:-1- Control, 2- Compost (Sakha) at 15 cm depth,3- Compost (gemmiza) at 15 cm depth, 4- Compost (Sakha) at 20 cm depth, 5- Compost (gemmiza) at 20 cm depth,,6- Compost (Sakha) at 30 cm depth,7- Compost (gemmiza) at 30 cm depth. The obtained results revealed the following important topics.1- Sakha compost are more effective than gemmiza compost in increasing the all parameters of cucumber yield. 2-Both plant height, fresh weight, total number of fruits, fruits weight and N, P and K concentrations and uptake in shoots and fruits of cucumber shoots were increased significantly with the decreased of compost application depth. 3-Decreasing depth of compost application may be due to increasing OM, availability of N, P, K, and decreased of soil pH and EC in soil after cucumber harvested. Under this condition, they recommended to application of compost at 15 cm depth, it can be increase the cucumber yield and soil fertility.
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Effect of bio-and mineral phosphorus fertilizers accompanied with foliar application of micronutrients on quantity and quality of soybean yield
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Lamyaa ,A Abd El-Rahman, Manal , A. Attia and Dalia,A.Sayed
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Soils, Water and Environ. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
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nasserkamal@yahoo.com
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Two field experiments were carried out during two summer seasons of 2013 and
2014 in Gemmeiza Agric Res. Station, Gharbia Governorate located at lat.30.47, Long 31.00 and 14.80m above the mean sea in order to investigate the effect of
different levels of phosphorus fertilizer application p0 (without p fertilizer ) , p1
(15 kg p2o5 / fed ) , p2 (22.5 kg p2o5 / fed ) and p3 (30 kg p2o5 /fed ) as the recommended dose , either alone or in combination with phosphorus biofertilizer
and foliar spray of micronutrients on yield , yield components and seed quality of
soybean (Glycin max L.). The results showed that, mineral, biological phosphorus
fertilizers and foliar spray of micronutrients had significant influence on soybean yield and yield components. Also, the results disclosed that the highest values of yield components obtained with combination of p2 of the recommended amount of phosphorus with inoculation of biofertilizer and foliar spray of micronutrients.
Application of phosphorus at the rate of 75% lonely or in combination with
phosphorus biofertilizer significantly increased the uptake of macro, micronutrient, protein and oil yield. Also, the combined levels of phophorus and
foliar application of micronutrients were positive effect on protein and oil content. The interaction between phosphorus level at p2, phosphorus biofertilizer and foliar micronutrients was significant influence on uptake of K, Fe, Zn and oil content. Therefore, it seem s that biofertilizers could replace a portion of the problems linked to the mineral fertilizers.
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THE EFFECT OF DODDER WEED (Cuscuta epilinum L.) CONTROL ON YIELD, YIELD COMPONENT AS WELL AS QUALITY FOR SOME FLAX (Linum usitatissimum L.) VARIETIES.
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El-Refaey R. A*; T. A. Abou-Zaied**; E. A. Rashwan* and E. M. Ramadan **
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Field Crops Research, Institute, ARC Dept. of Agron., Fac. of Agric. Tanta Univ., Egypt *
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plant_breeding2000@yahoo.com
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Two field experiments were carried out at El-Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station. Gharbia Governorate, during the two successive winter seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/14, in order to study the effect of dodder weed (Cuscuta epilinum L.) control treatments (Control, Hand combing, Spraying with sinal, Spraying with select super, Spraying with a mixture of (sinal and select super) and benzoic acid) on yield, yield component as well as quality for three flax varieties (Sakha 1, Giza 10 and Souzana).
The obtained results indicated that, Souzana variety gave the tallest plants and recorded the highest values of technical stem length, fiber fineness, fiber length, total fiber percentage and fiber yield per faddan. On the other hand, Souzana recorded the thinnest stem diameter and gave the lowest values of straw yield per plant and per faddan, number of apical branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, fertility percentage, seed yield per faddan, oil percentage, oil yield per faddan and seed index, in both seasons. Sakha 1 gave the thicker stem diameter and recorded the highest values of straw yields per plant and per faddan, number of apical branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, fertility percentage, seed yield per faddan, oil percentage, oil yield per faddan and seed index. On the other hand, Sakha 1 variety recorded the lowest values of plant height, technical stem length, fiber fineness, fiber length, total fiber percentage and fiber yield per faddan.
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Allelopathic effects of Cucurbita pepo l. and Eucalyptus citriodora H. plant extract fractions on seed germination of corn and some associated weeds
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AbdAllah, S. A. and H. M. Amine
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Dept. of Agron., Fac. of Agric. Tanta Univ., Egypt ** Field Crops Research, Institute, ARC
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hazem.abdellatief@agr.tanta.edu.eg
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The allelopathic potential of squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and lemon eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus citriodora H.) plant extracts was investigated under laboratory condition. The hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions, which obtained from the leaves extracts of C. pepo L. and E. citriodora H., inhibited the seed germination of Zea mays and the three weed species. In case of E. citriodora H., all fractions exhibit highly to moderate toxicity against the weed seedling. While, it exhibited week toxicity against Z. mays L. hybrid. The most toxic fraction against the weed seedling was hexane fraction followed by water and ethyl acetate fractions. Hexane fraction was the most selective one between Z. Mays L. hybrid and the weed species., while the rest fractions had highly selectivity between them. In contrast, all fractions of C. pepo L. extract had moderate to slight toxicity against both the weed and Z. mays L. seedling. The most toxic fraction against all tested species was water fraction followed by hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. All fractions had no to very slight selectivity between Z. mays L. hybrid and the weed species. In general, The most sensitive specie was Amaranthus retroflexus in most cases. Hexane fraction of E. citirodora H. was the most selective plant extract (selectivity index 21.46 : 66.90). This mean, that plant extract could use in integrated weed control in corn fields. While, all C. pepo L. plant extract fractions had no selectivity. Therefore, more probe must do to enhance their potency and selectivity.
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CONTINUES MONITORING OF SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT TO OPTIMIZE AMOUNTS OF APPLIED WATER
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Hasan.M1, Adel ELMETWALLI2 Abd El-Kader, N. 3; and T. Fouda2
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1Post graduate in Agric. Eng. Dep., 2Agric. Eng. Dep., 3Soil and Water Dept., Faculty of Agric., Tanta University, Egypt.
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Medo_y4k20005@yahoo.com
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The experimental test was carried out at agriculture engineering department laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University Egypt. The objective of this research design control system to predict of soil moisture content. The applied work was carried out at the farm of Faculty of Agriculture during spring 2016. The components of control system contained of the breadboard, micro controllers ATMEGA328P, high sensitive moisture sensor, Lcd 16*c2 monitoring display and Mobil antenna SIM 900. The control system tested in silt, loam and clay soil condition at three depths 5, 10 and 15cm. The surface irrigation system was used in this experiment for reach soil saturation at different depths. Soil samples were collected for each treatment through 288 h after soil saturation at different soil depths. Also the traditional moisture content methods were tested. Calibration test were done for two methods. The results show the error were±2%. Also standard curve were estimated to correct the reading value.
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