|
التأثير البيئى على المواقع الاثرية فى الدلتا
|
|
|
أ.د عادل أحمد زين العابدين
|
|
|
أستاذ الاثار المصرية كلية الاداب جامعة طنطا
|
|
|
adel.ahmed@art.tanta.edu.eg
|
|
|
يعتبر من الاثار المدمرة للاثار على الدلتا التأثير البيئى وذلك من خلال المياة الجوفية التى ترتفع الى مستوى كبير يهدد الاثار الموجودة أسفل التربة والتى لم يتم الكشف عنها حتى الان أضف الى ذلك الاثار المتشفة وتشبعها بالماء مما يؤدى الى تلفها وبالتالى تعتبرر ارتفاع منسوب المياه الجوفيه من الاسباب الخطيرة على الاثار ، كما نجد بنفس المستوى من الخطوة مياة الصرف الزراعى والصرف الصحى التى تؤثر ايضا على الاثار يواء الموجودة فى باطن الارض أو التى فى الموقع الاثرى وذلك واضح فى منطقة معبد بهبيت الحجر ومنطقة آثار صا الحجر بمحافظة الغربية ، أضف الى ذلك الامطار وبخاصة الامطار الحمضية التى تأتى من تلوث الهواء الجوي نتيجة إطلاق أكاسيد الكبريت و النيتروجين عن طريق احتراق النفط و الفحم و الغاز الطبيعي ومداخن المصانع و محطات توليد الطاقة الكهربائية ، وهي ظاهرة حديثة لفتت الأنظار هذه الأيام بعد أن سببت كثيراً من الأضرار لمختلف عناصر البيئة المحيطة بنا والمواقع الاثاريه ضمنها ، وبالتالى يجعل من بقاء الاثار فى هذا الموقع فى ظروف حفظ بالغة السوء حيث تتجمع فى هذا الموقع مياه الرشح والنشع المشبعة بالأملاح فضلا عن تعرضها للأمطار التى تهطل بغزارة فى هذا الجزء من وسط شمال الدلتا ، والتفاوت الكبير فى معدلات الحرارة والرطوبة أمرا غير مقبول ويؤدى الى سرعة تلفها وتآكل أسطحها المنقوشة مما يستدعى ضرورة التفكير فى كيفية انقاذها من الملوثات والتلوثات البيئية مما يساعد على المحافظة عليها والنهوض بالاماكن الاثرية فى الدلتا مما يتيح الى زيادة السياحة اليها وبالتالى زيادة فرص العمل لدى الشباب.
|
|
|
Aquatic insects as bioindicators for pollution in some Egyptian streams
|
|
|
Iman M. El husseiny
|
|
|
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
|
|
|
monamm3@yahoo.com
|
|
|
Quantitative knowledge on the use of aquatic insects as bioindicators has not been elucidated in El Gharbia governorate and Kafr el Sheikh Governorate. Given these concerns, the goal of this study was to use aquatic insect as biotic indices for evaluating water quality in El-Kassed stream in Tanta city and Rasheed stream in Kafr el-Zayat (El Gharbia governorate), and a fish aquaculture in Kafr el Sheikh Governorate.The study was carried out for a period of one year during summer and autumn 2010 and winter and spring 2011. Sampling was done using kicking and dipping method to collect the aquatic insect. Insects were classified and identified up to the family level.Several metrics were used to analyze the aquatic insect data.According to total taxa richness for Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (SEPT) -biotic index, the situation of water quality in the three water bodies was moderate impact; however it was "Good" according to Stroud water research center (SWRC). From the performance of EPT-biotic index and SWRC- biotic index, it was concluded that both indices were not appropriate to be used for estimating water bio-class in Egyptian water bodies. Meanwhile, the SEPT is the most suitable biotic index for calculating water bio-class in Egyptian streams. Margalef's water quality index values were less than 3, indicating that the water quality of the three streams was impacted. This study, as elsewhere,shows that aquatic insect communities could be good indicators of water quality and should be used asbioindicators of water quality of fresh water streams in Egypt.
|
|
|
Evaluation of Surface Water Quality in Dili City Using Larval Medaka (Oryzias Latipes) Acute Toxicity Assay Combined With Passive Sampling & Active Sampling
|
|
|
Ashraf Elsheikh1, Masahiko Sekine1, Sergio Freitas 2, Yuko Horikiri 3, Ariyo Kanno1, Takaya Higuchi1, Tsuyoshi Imai1, Koichi Yamamoto1
|
|
|
1Graduate Schools of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Japan.2 National University of Timor-Lorosa'e, East Timor. 3 Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, Yamaguchi, Japan
|
|
|
u001wc@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
|
|
|
In this study we investigated the water quality of streams which run through Dili city, the capital of East Timor country, via two sampling techniques (Active sampling technique, and Passive sampling technique), combined with an assessment of acute toxicity using larval medaka fish(Oryzias Latipes). Ten liters of water samples were collected from four streams, then concentrated through Sep-pak® Plus PS-2 cartridges using a glass syringe pump (Sep-pak® concentrator Plus, Nihon Waters KK), in addition to the deployment of SDB-RPS passive sampler disks in stream 2 for a time of 1,2,3,7 and 10 days during the dry season (September 2015). Later, adsorbed toxicants were eluted from both techniques and used in acute toxicity assessment with larval medaka fish in order to evaluate the safety level for fish. Toxicity test results of active sampling via Sep-pak plus PS2 cartridges was strong at all water streams in Dili, for stream 2, it was almost 5 times more comparing toxicity test results of passive sampling via SDB-RPS disks. Stream 4 showed the strongest toxicity level, followed by stream 2, then stream 3. While stream 1 showed highest safety level. Lethal dilution ratio (LDR50) values for those streams were; >0.2, 0.071, 0.033 and <0.01, respectively. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) simultaneous analysis showed possible sources of organic toxicants which reflected the negative impacts of human activities and bad practices on surface water quality.
|
|
|
العلاقة بين تلوث المياه وانتشار وتوطن الامراض بمشروع حلفا الجديدة الزراعي – ولاية كسلا- السودان
|
|
|
د: أحمد عبدالرحيم حسن محمد
|
|
|
السودان ـ جامعة القضارف ـ كلية التربية ـ قسم الجغرافيا
|
|
|
alahawyah@yahoo.com
|
|
|
هدفت الدراسة للتعرف علي العلاقة بين تلوث المياه وانتشار وتوطن الأمراض بمشروع حلفا الجديدة الزراعي (محليتي حلفا الجديدة ونهر عطبرة )، كما هدفت الي التعرف علي العوامل المؤثرة في تلوث المياه بمنطقة الدراسة لتحديدها بصورة أكثر دقة لمكافحتها.أستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الاحصائى التحليلي ومنهج انتشار المرض ،واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات،وبعد التحقق من صدق الإستبانة وزعت على عينة عشوائية من أرباب الأسر بلغت (400) أسرة بمنطقة الدراسة.تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج الحزم الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS).كما تم تحليل( 16) عينة من مياه المنطقة. ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة : أن تلوث المياه بمنطقة الدراسة يلعب دوراً هاماً في انتشار وتوطن الأمراض بالمنطقة، كما أثبتت الدراسة وجود تلوث ميكروبيولوجي في منطقة الدراسة يفوق المعايير التي وضعتها منظمة الصحة العالمية، بينت الدراسة وجود علاقة ارتباطية بين تلوث المياه ببكتيربا التوتل كالفورم والإصابة يالأمراض المنتشرة بمنطقة الدراسة. توصي الدراسة بإجراء المزيد من الدراسات حول المياه ودرجة تلوثها باستخدام اختبارات طبقا لمعايير منظمة الصحة العالمية والمواصفات السودانية في منطقة الدراسة.إنشاء شبكة إمداد مائي تغطي جميع مناطق محليتي الدراسة بالإضافة الي محطات معالجة تخدم تلك الشبكة. العمل علي تعقيم مياه الشرب بشكل أفضل واستخدام طرق تعقيم أخري بجانب عملية الكلورة لضمان تعقيم أفضل للمياه. تبني الجهات المسئولة قيام ورش عمل ودراسات دورية حول علاقة تلوث المياه بصحة الإنسان بالمنطقة والاستفادة من تلك النتائج في وضع السياسات العامة لتلك الجهات.
|
|
|
DETERMINATION OF THE CONCENTRATION OF SOME METALS IN WATER COLLECTED FROM AJIWA DAM, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA.
|
|
|
Suleiman, F. B1*. and Abdul, A. A2.
|
|
|
1. Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Education, Katsina. Nigeria. 2. Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano. Nigeria.
|
|
|
fatimabintasuleiman@yahoo.com
|
|
|
Water samples were collected from Ajiwa dam in the rainy season, harmattan and dry seasons using standard procedures with the aim of determining their suitability or otherwise for drinking and other domestic purposes. The concentration of some metals were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after suitable pre-treatment. The results obtained indicated that Nickel had concentrations above the SON maximum permissible limit of 0.020mg/L with 0.222± 0.029mg/L in the rainy season, 0.048± 0.000 mg/L in harmattan and 0.052± 0.002 mg/L in the dry season. Manganese was also higher than the 0.05 mg/L WHO maximum permissible limit in the rainy season and harmattan with 0.271± 0.034 mg/L and 0.054± 0.000 mg/L respectively. The values of iron were higher than the SON and NAFDAC 0.3 mg/L in the dry season and harmattan with 0.362± 0.035 mg/L and 0.268± 0.024 mg/L respectively. The concentrations of cadmium were above the 0.003 mg/L WHO and SON recommended values with 0.034± 0.006 mg/L and 0.017± 0.001 mg/L in harmattan and rainy seasons respectively. Lead was also above the WHO, NAFDAC and SON recommended 0.01 mg/L with 0.100± 0.000 mg/L and 0.044± 0.002 mg/L in harmattan and dry seasons respectively. The concentrations of copper, Zinc, chromium, sodium, potassium and, calcium were however within the set limits by standard bodies in all the seasons. ANOVA however showed no significant difference between the seasons (P=0.450) and between the metals (P= 0.064) at 0.05 level. Recommendations include regular monitoring of concentration of metals so that effective corrective measures can be taken.
|
|
|
Heavy Metals Distribution within the Agricultural Environment of Minoufiya Governorate, Egypt
|
|
|
Abou Hussien1, E. A. ; E. I. Gaber2 and A. G. Ali2
|
|
|
1- Soil Sci. Dept. Fac. of Agric. Minufia Univ. Egypt 2- Natural Resources Dept. Institute of African Researches and Studies, Cairo Univ. Egypt
|
|
|
elhusieny_abouhussien@yahoo.com
|
|
|
This study was carried out at Minoufiya Governorate to study the content of some heavy metals (Cd, Co, Ni and Pb) in the water of four open agricultural drains and its effect on both soil and plant in the studied locations content of the tested heavy metals. The selected open drains were El-Khadrwiya, El-Karanain, Sabal and Talla. Water samples were taken of each drain at five distances, i.e. 100 m and 20, 40, 60 and 80 % of drain length. The collected water samples were analyzed for their content of the tested heavy metals. At the same distances of water sampling and at 50 and 250 m of drains, soil samples were taken at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth. The collected soil samples were analyzed for their content of total and available forms of the tested heavy metals.
Water samples of the four open drains have a wide variation in their content of heavy metals. The highest contents of heavy metals were found in the water samples of El-Khadrwiya drain and the lowest values were found in the water samples of Talla drain. Soil samples content of the tested heavy metals either of total or available is in harmony with these heavy metals content in the water of drains. Soil contents of total and available heavy metals decreased with the increase in the distance of drain and soil depth. Heavy metals content in the studied plant samples reflect the soil content of these heavy metals.
|
|
|
Investigation on the Environmental Effects of Solid Wastes of Steel Rolling Mill Plants: A Case Study of Dana Steel Limited, Katsina, Nigeria
|
|
|
YOLA .I.A.* and SANNI A.A.**
|
|
|
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B 3011 Kano, Nigeria.
|
|
|
isaaliyuyola@gmail.com
|
|
|
The research examined the environmental effects of the solid wastes generated by Dana Steel Limited in Katsina State, Nigeria. Minipal 4 version of PW4030 X –Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF Spectrometer) was used to analysed the chemical composition of sample A (slag), sample B (mill scale), sample C (humus soil) and sample D (humus soil and slag) at Centre for Energy Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. 17 chemical compounds were detected in all the samples and the samples are dominated with oxides of Fe2O3 (11.8% - 86.13%) and SiO2 (4.41% - 57.7%). Product moment correlation coefficient was used to compare the effect of Slag (sample C) on Humus soil (sample D). The result obtained has shown that, the calculated value r = + 0.763 is greater than the table value r = + 0.483 at 5% level of significance and 15 d.f. This indicates that, the correlation between the two samples is highly significant. Fe2O3, MnO and ZnO trace elements in the humus soil were enriched after cultured with slag sample and P2O5, K2O, CaO, and SO3 trace elements that were useful for plants growth and development were leached.
|
|
|
Efficiency Assessment of Bio-treated Sewage Wastewater in Irrigation of Economic Plants (Cotton; Gemiza 86)
|
|
|
Metwally Abd EL-Azeem Metwally, Nanis Gamal Allam* ,Mostafa Mohamed EL-sheekh and Hany Eltohamy Ebrahim Hemdan
|
|
|
Botany Department, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
|
|
|
eltohamy_hany@yahoo.com
|
|
|
The cotton plant (Gemiza 86) was irrigated with treated sewage wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris, Nostoc muscorum and Spirulina platensis. The results showed that irrigation of the cotton plant by untreated or treated wastewater caused stimulation in the measured growth parameters of the cotton plant. Also, pigments, proteins and carbohydrates contents were stimulated. This stimulation was attributed to the presence of high levels of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matters in wastewater. On the other side, there was a slight inhibitory effect on some measured growth parameters of the plants. This effect may be due to the presence of some heavy metals in wastewater. It was obvious that in most cases, the measured growth parameters of cotton plant under the effect of irrigation with C. vulgaris treated sewage wastewater were greater than those obtained with tap water. Generally, the growth of the plants differed according to the composition and nutrient availability of wastewater used for irrigation.
|
|
|
Impact of Waste Water Drains on the Groundwater in Central Nile Delta Aquifer, El Gharbiya Governorate, Egypt
|
|
|
Ghoneim, M.F, El-Shishtawy, A.M and Abd El-Bary, M.H
|
|
|
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
|
|
|
ahmed.elshishtawy@science.tanta.edu.eg
|
|
|
Groundwater and surface water contamination is a serious threat to water supply in the central part of the Nile Delta. Leakage of industrial and agricultural irrigation from surface drains formulates the main source of groundwater pollution in El Gharbiya Governorate area. Risk assessment of groundwater contamination is an effective way to protect the safety of groundwater resource. Twenty groundwater samples and 9 surface water samples were collected from two drains (Nemra -5- El Gharby drain and Omer drain) and from selected places from El Gharbiya Governorate and were chemically analyzed for major and trace elements. High concentrations of nitrates (6.8 to 30.8 mg/l) were observed from some of the analyzed samples from the study area. The nitrate concentration varies with time depends on the type of waste water and the seasons of cropping, where there is a variation in fertilizer usage. It is also worth mentioning that some textile factories drain their waste water directly into the drains, especially in Nemra -5- El Gharby drain. The hydrochemical analyses of water samples in the present study indicate that the Pleistocene aquifer is contaminated mainly with Pb+2, Mn+2 and Fe+2. Trace elements in the surface waste water samples show contamination with Al+3; this is attributed to the discharge of treated water effluent after coagulant operation, which drains its waste water directly to the drains. It is therefore recommend stopping the drainage to the River Nile and lining the drain particularly in the high vulnerable areas.
|
|
|
SIMULATION TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER USING MICROBIOLOGICAL CELL IMMOBILIZATION TECHNIQUE
|
|
|
Nanis G. Allam* . Metwally A. Metwally . Mostafa M. EL-Sheekh . and Hany E. Hemdan
|
|
|
Botany Department, Microbiology section, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
|
|
|
ngamal1973@yahoo.com
|
|
|
Discharge of industrial wastewaters without treatment into streams, lakes, seas, and land surfaces resemble a global environmental problem. The present study investigated the ability of microbial cell immobilization technique in treatment of different industrial wastewater at El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt characterized with high organic load (pickles wastewater), oil and grease (Tanta of oil and soap company), Nitrogen and phosphate as (The Financial and Industrial Egyptian Company) and dyes (Textile and dyeing wastewater of EL-Mahalla EL-Kobra). The water samples were analyzed following standard procedures for the determination of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS) ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total Nitrogen (TN), Oil and grease (O&G) ,phosphate as phosphorus (PO4-P) , De-colorization assay and acute toxicity tests using Artemia salina larvae. The significantly treatment efficiency of microbial cell immobilization technique after only 12 hours increased the quality of treated industrial wastewater and reduced or eliminate presence of toxic metabolites. The obtained results recommended using of microbial cell immobilization technique as a new operational systems to overcoming water pollution problems as well as the future expansion to be carried out in the different industrial activities.
|
|
|